Hacking – Page 3

SmartHome Users Aren’t Keeping Up With Security Updates

September 24, 2018 by Joseph Martin

The Internet on devices continues to be a major problem when it comes to security. Unfortunately, a big part of the reason why comes down to end users. Recently, Bitdefender released a new report entitled “The IoT Threat Landscape And Top Smart Home Vulnerabilities in 2018,” and it paints a grim picture indeed.

The average home now contains twenty smart devices, and most of them contain security vulnerabilities. 95 percent of those vulnerabilities reside in the firmware.

While the majority of smart device users (60 percent ) claim to be “worried” or “very worried” about identity theft, most are utterly failing to adequately protect their IoT devices. In fact, sixty percent indicated that they had never performed a firmware update on their router, and 55 percent reported that they had never updated their smart TVs.

It gets worse. 40 percent of users surveyed indicated that they use the same password for each of their devices, and half of all smart TV owners said they had literally never updated their password.

Thirty percent of users claim that they’re worried about the prospect of a hacker accessing a smart camera to spy on them, but paradoxically, fully 70 percent have at least one camera connected to a vulnerable router.

To provide a sense of scope and scale, the company reported that its BOX product blocked nearly half a million threats (461,718) in just a 30-day period, with 76 percent of those being malicious websites.

Analyst Bogdan Botezatu stressed that while weak passwords are a big part of the problem, it’s not only users who are to blame.

He added:

“Smart device manufacturers share responsibility for the current state of IoT security because most of them are overlooking the security aspect. In their rush to launch the product ahead of the competition, they are leaving attack avenues wide open to attackers interested in user sensitive data.”

If you have one or more smart devices in your home, and you probably do, it’s time to get serious about securing them.

Joseph Martin

President & CEO
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Another Chrome Extension Is Stealing Passwords

September 19, 2018 by Joseph Martin

Do you use the Chrome browser extension for the MEGA file storage service? If you do, please read this article carefully. The official extension for that service has been compromised. It has been replaced with a malware version that has the capability to steal user login data for a number of popular websites, including Github, Google, Amazon, Microsoft and more.

The extension was compromised on September 4th, when an unknown attacker breached MEGA’s Chrome Web Store account and uploaded the poisoned version of the extension. Any user who installs it is at risk of having their other login credentials stolen.

It gets worse. If you allow auto-updates, then the poisoned version of the extension would have automatically “updated” on your PC or smartphone when the malware was uploaded. Note that when the extension attempted to update, it would have asked users for elevated permissions. Those elevated permissions would allow the extension access to personal information, which is the mechanism by which the credentials are stolen.

The poisoned file was in place for a total of four hours before it was found, eradicated and replaced by a clean version (version 3.39.5).

According to MEGA:

“You are only affected if you had the MEGA Chrome extension installed at the time of the incident, auto update enabled, and you accepted the additional permission, or if you freshly installed version 3.39.4.”

If you think there’s even a chance you were impacted by this event, your best bet would be an across-the-board change of all your passwords, as there’s no way to be sure which ones may have been compromised.

Two things to note here: The Firefox extension was not impacted. This applies only to chrome users who have the MEGA extension installed. Also, you should check your extension version number immediately to be sure you’re not running version 3.39.4. If you are, uninstall it immediately and grab the clean version referenced above.

Joseph Martin

Air Canada Customers May Have Had Their Data Exposed

September 17, 2018 by Joseph Martin

If you fly Air Canada and use their mobile app, it may be time to change your password. The company recently announced that between August 22nd and August 24th of this year, they detected “unusual log-in behavior,” and that a small fraction (some 20,000) of their 1.7 mobile app users may have had their data compromised as a result.

The company stressed that no credit card information was compromised, but that doesn’t make the breach much less damaging.

The exposed data included:

Customer name

Physical address

Email address

Phone number

Any information an individual customer added to his or her profile

Worst of all is the fact that passport numbers were also exposed. Using that information, a hacker could easily gain access to the countries that a person has been to, when the passport expires, country of residence, the flight numbers of any flights they’ve taken, their gender, birthday and more.

As is usually the case when events like this occur, Air Canada has apologized to their customers and has reached out to all of their potentially impacted users.

Even if you didn’t get a notification from Air Canada, it would be prudent to change your password as soon as possible.

The company has not released any details about exactly how the breach occurred, and the matter is still under investigation.

Note that in terms of scope and scale, this is a fairly small breach. The 20,000 users represents about 1 percent of the total user base. Even so, the data stolen has the potential to be quite damaging. Even after you change your password, since email addresses were compromised during the breach, be on the alert for phishing emails, as the group responsible may attempt to leverage the information they have to get even more.

Joseph Martin

Tech Support Scammers Are Advertising Online

September 17, 2018 by Joseph Martin

Tech Support scams are nothing new, but they are getting increasingly sophisticated. Worse, tech giants like Google are finding it notoriously difficult to detect them.

A report recently released by the venerable data security firm, Symantec, indicates that tech support scammers are increasingly integrating call optimization into their schemes, which allows them to insert phone numbers into web pages dynamically. Among other things, this allows the scammers to display the phone number of someone who speaks the language of the victim, which makes the whole act more convincing and much more likely to succeed.

In recent years, tech support scams have begun promoting their “services” via ads, where they claim to be legitimate, authorized service centers for companies like Apple, Microsoft, or Dell. The brand recognition and professional presentation combine to put their victims at ease.

They’re so slick and professional, and their “employees” so good at mimicking the employees of legitimate service centers that it can be virtually impossible to tell the real companies from the fake ones.

David Graff, Google’s Director of Global Product Policy had this to say about the matter:

“For many years, we’ve consulted and worked with law enforcement and government agencies to address abuse in this area. As the fraudulent activity takes place off our platform, it’s increasingly difficult to separate the bad actors from the legitimate providers.”

Google is taking steps to try and combat the rising threat. Recently, they’ve made a change to their policy as it relates to tech support companies, only accepting ads from verified third-party support vendors.

Even with this added layer of protection, however, the tech support scam is thriving. Scammers have already begun taking steps to get around the new restrictions by cold-calling their victims. For the most part, this has proved to be a successful tactic for them. However, in at least one instance, where the scammers called the New Zealand Police, it ended quite badly for the criminals.

Joseph Martin

Hacker Requests For Wire Transfers Are Topping Email Scams

September 13, 2018 by Joseph Martin

Business Email Compromise (BEC) attacks are a major threat, costing business nearly three billion dollars a year.

This form of attack primarily targets the C-Suite in order to impersonate them.

In the world of BEC attacks, those that employ requests for wire transfers are almost devastatingly effective.

Asaf Cidon, the Vice President of Content Security at Barracuda Networks, explains why:

“Criminals use business email compromise attacks to obtain access to a business email account and imitate the owner’s identity, in order to defraud the company and its employees, customers, or partners. In most cases, scammers focus efforts on employees with access to company finances or payroll data and other personally identifiable information.”

The attack unfolds when the hacker, pretending to be a company CEO or other high-ranking official requests immediate payment, usually via wire transfer.

Again, per Asaf Cidon:

“The sense of urgency, a request for action, or a financial implication used in BEC schemes tricks targets into falling for the trap. For example, an accountant may receive a fraudulent email request for a wire transfer from the company CEO, which includes a spoofed version of the CEO’s email address and even the CEO’s own email signature.”

According to a 2016 report published by Trend Micro, a successful BEC attack nets the hacker an average of $140,000. Given how easy they are to pull off (and how low-tech), don’t expect this type of attack to show any signs of decline in the foreseeable future.

What makes BEC attacks even more troublesome is the fact that law enforcement officials believe that few attacks of this type are ever reported, and that the losses to business could be up to four times the figure we cited earlier.

Worst of all, these types of attacks appear to be increasing in their frequency. Unfortunately, C-Suite employees are notoriously resistant to basic security training, meaning that there are no easy solutions to this large and growing problem.

Joseph Martin

New Versions Of Ransomware Continue To Wreak Havoc

September 12, 2018 by Joseph Martin

2017 was “The Year of Ransomware.” It saw an incredible number of ransomware attacks and infections, paired with a tremendous number of innovations.

Although 2018 hasn’t seen quite the same level of ransomware activity, it’s still a major threat with one company coming under attack about every ten minutes.

Although there haven’t been as many innovations so far this year, that doesn’t mean they’re not occurring, and some of the new ransomware strains are particularly nasty.

Of interest, this year has seen a rise in ‘Cryptojacking’, which is a variant of a classic ransomware attack where the malware mass encrypts files on the victim’s machine while simultaneously installing cryptocurrency mining software.

This should come as no surprise given the rise in popularity of cryptocurrency, but it does add a disturbing new wrinkle to ransomware attacks. Even after you get your files back, lurking in the background there is a rogue process that’s slowing your system and ultimately putting money into the bank accounts of the hackers.

Most recently, an Obama-themed cryptojacker has been making the rounds.

The ransomware itself is nothing out of the ordinary. It predictably locks your files, demands payment, and installs a Monero miner in the background.

Obama is not the first world leader to unwittingly become the face of ransomware. In 2016, Candidate Trump was featured in a malware strain that proved to be a work in progress. It would infect machines, but didn’t actually encrypt files. It’s unclear if a working version was ever deployed in the wild.

The Obama strain contains code fragments that indicate Chinese origin. There’s circumstantial evidence that leads some security researchers to believe it may be the work of a Chinese hacker known only as “Rocke,” but so far, there’s no definitive proof.

As things stand now, there’s no good defense against this most recent threat, save for continued vigilance.

Joseph Martin

Most Small Businesses Can’t Recover From Cyber Breaches

September 10, 2018 by Joseph Martin

A new study recently published by Sitchfast Technologies paints a grim picture of the threat landscape for small and medium-sized business. Their key finding? A staggering 60 percent of small businesses that suffer a data breach of any magnitude go out of business within six months. Worse, one business owner in three does not have a plan or safeguards in place to prevent a breach.

The single biggest weak link in the small business landscape is the fact that most employees who work for smaller companies are woefully uneducated about the dangers, how to identify them and how to avoid them. The study noted that among small business employees, more than a third (35 percent ) haven’t changed their passwords in over a year. In addition, 19 percent of small business employees share their passwords with colleagues, with a similar percentage using weak passwords based on personally identifiable information. Put those elements together, and it’s a recipe for disaster.

The authors of the report had this to say on the matter:

“Today’s cyber criminals employ a variety of complex attack methods to exploit business weaknesses and target employees with bad cyber hygiene, whether it’s the CEO or an intern, bypassing the basic security measures most companies have in place.

Until they recognize they are prime targets for hackers and adjust their security strategies, small businesses will continue to fall victim to rampant cyber attacks.”

Unfortunately, there are no easy solutions, but the report clearly points to two areas where you can make immediate improvements:

Currently, 65 percent of small to medium sized businesses have never run a phishing email test.

Only 21 percent of small to medium sized businesses provide cybersecurity training to their employees.

Both of these are incredibly easy to remedy, and if you perform these two simple steps, you’ll be miles ahead of your peers.

Joseph Martin

Vulnerability Found In Major Manufacturers Of Android Phones

September 8, 2018 by Joseph Martin

Researchers operating out of the University of Florida, Stony Brook University and Samsung Research America have made a disturbing discovery. Millions of Android smartphones manufactured by eleven different OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) were found to be vulnerable to attack via AT Commands.

If you’re not sure what an “AT Command” is, you’re not alone. Part of the Hayes Command Set, ATtention Commands were developed in the early 1980s and designed to be transmitted via phone lines to issue commands to modems.

Most people aren’t even aware of the fact that their high-tech smartphones contain a basic modem within them, which allows the high-tech wonder to connect to the internet. While AT Commands have been standardized, many vendors have added custom AT Commands to their devices, and unfortunately, these commands can control a surprising variety of advanced features including the built-in camera and the touchscreen interface.

The AT Commands can be accessed via the phone’s USB interface. This means that a would-be attacker would have to gain physical access to the device, or place a malicious component inside a user’s charger, charging station, or USB dock.

Once a hacker is connected in this manner to the victim’s phone, he could use one of the AT Commands to steal data, unlock the screen, mimic touchscreen events, or even rewrite the phone’s firmware.

The research team has complied a database of phone models and firmware versions that are vulnerable to this type of attack. They have contacted all the vendors, and are continuing their testing.

Initially, the team tested AT Commands via the USB interface. Phase two of the research will test to see if those commands can be issued via WiFi or Bluetooth connections. The team has also published the Shell script they used in their original testing, available on GitHub.

So far, none of the OEMs contacted have released any information or given a timetable for a fix.

Joseph Martin

Hackers Now Targeting Point Of Sale Systems

September 6, 2018 by Joseph Martin

There’s a new threat to point of sale (POS) systems coming out of Russia, according to security researchers from Booz Allen Hamilton. The malware, which they’re calling “RtPOS” isn’t bleeding edge technology, and does not approach the level of sophistication of other recently discovered strains, but that doesn’t mean it should be taken lightly. These strains include RawPOS, MajikPOS, UDPOS, and Treasure hunter.

In its current incarnation, it has a limited feature set and is basically a RAM scrapper. Once deployed, it will watch a PC’s RAM looking for text patterns, which are saved to a local DAT file. Of interest, it doesn’t currently appear to have any sort of networking capability, so when the data is collected and stored, it has no means of actually porting it to a command and control server (yet).

There are two competing theories as to why this software is the way it is. One theory is that it’s simply a rough draft. A work in progress. Although relatively benign in its current incarnation, it would be quite easy for the authors to add enhancements to the code, and possibly to update the software remotely, turning this “nonthreatening” software into a true menace in the blink of an eye.

Another theory is that RtPOS is one part of a multi-part, much more subtle attack. The purpose of the software is simply to infect and collect data, leaving it to a separate process to exfiltrate the data at irregular intervals, which would be more difficult to detect, and unlikely to draw attention.

At present, there’s no clear indication which theory is correct, but both ideas are disturbing. As ever, vigilance is the key. Hardly a day goes by that researchers somewhere in the world don’t discover some new threat. This is but the latest.

Joseph Martin

Hackers Make More Money Than Is Spent On Cybersecurity

September 5, 2018 by Joseph Martin

Quick question – how much do the world’s cyber criminals make every sixty seconds?

If you guessed a quarter of a million dollars, you’d be wrong. If you doubled that value, you’d be wrong again.

According to research conducted by RiskIQ, cybercriminals are raking in a cool million dollars per minute, compared with businesses spending $171,233 per minute on security measures. It’s a lopsided battle, and businesses aren’t winning.

Some other interesting tidbits culled from the company’s research. Every sixty seconds:

Four new potentially vulnerable web components are discovered.

A new website appears running the CoinHive cryptocurrency mining script.

1.5 companies fall victim to a ransomware attack, with an average cost to the victimized company of $15,221.

In addition to that, RiskIQ discovered that a site running the CoinHive script was deleted every ten minutes, and that a new phishing domain appears about every five minutes.

Raef Meeuwisse, a security researcher and author, had this to say about the report and its findings:

“Cybercrime and cybersecurity co-exist in a constant cycle of innovation. As one particular criminal trend towards a particular technique increases, so the security functions create or strengthen the required defenses.

However, it is evident at both the level of personal and organizational cybersecurity that spending is unusually low. In fact, most of these cybercriminals are not going after the hard targets with great defenses, they are targeting the low hanging fruit – and there is still far too much of it.”

The simple truth is that until and unless we start taking cybersecurity more seriously, and until the aforementioned “low hanging fruit” ramps up spending to properly secure their systems, we can expect to see the number of cybercrimes continue to increase. Unfortunately, despite the crimewave, there doesn’t seem to be much motivation to do that.

Joseph Martin

SmartHome Users Aren’t Keeping Up With Security Updates

Another Chrome Extension Is Stealing Passwords

Air Canada Customers May Have Had Their Data Exposed

Tech Support Scammers Are Advertising Online

Hacker Requests For Wire Transfers Are Topping Email Scams

New Versions Of Ransomware Continue To Wreak Havoc

Most Small Businesses Can’t Recover From Cyber Breaches

Vulnerability Found In Major Manufacturers Of Android Phones

Hackers Now Targeting Point Of Sale Systems

Hackers Make More Money Than Is Spent On Cybersecurity

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